Melanoma: más allá de la historia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56050/01205498.1591Palabras clave:
Melanoma, cáncer de piel, inmunoterapia, cirugía, estadificación, metástasisResumen
El cáncer de piel es uno de los más prevalentes a nivel mundial y el melanoma corresponde al 2%, pero es responsable de la mayor tasa de mortalidad. Su historia se remonta hasta Hipócrates, sin aportes relevantes desde el siglo V a. C. hasta el año 1700. En adelante y hasta el siglo XXI se describieron múltiples avances, principalmente en el manejo quirúrgico de la enfermedad temprana, hasta llegar al estándar actual. La enfermedad avanzada, sin embargo no tuvo ningún desarrollo importante hasta la década de 1970, con el uso de la quimioterapia. No obstante, el hito más importante en la historia del melanoma correspondió al desarrollo de la inmunoterapia, la era de la genómica y el desarrollo de medicamentos dirigidos a mutaciones específicas, todos estos con alto impacto en supervivencia.
Biografía del autor/a
Sergio Andrés Mejía Espinoza, Hospital San Vicente Fundación
Oncólogo Clínico:Hospital San Vicente Fundación y Clínica El Rosario.
Maycos Leandro Zapata Muñoz, Hospital San Vicente Fundación
Oncólogo Clínico: Hospital San Vicente Fundación.
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32. Hoos A, Ibrahim R, Korman A, Abdallah K, Berman D, Shahabi V, et al. Development of Ipilimumab: Contribution to a New Paradigm for Cancer Immunotherapy. Semin Oncol. 2010;37(5):533-46.
33. Hodi FS, O’Day SJ, McDermott DF, Weber RW, Sosman JA, Haanen JB, et al. Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(8):711-23.
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https://www.aacr.org/patientscaregivers/progress-against-cancer/jimmy-carter/
36. Robert C, Grob JJ, Stroyakovskiy D, Karaszewska B, Hauschild A, Levchenko E et al. Five-Year Outcomes with Dabrafenib plus Trametinib in Metastatic Melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(7):626-36.
37. Larkin J, Asciert P, Dréno B, Atkinson V, Liszkay G, Maio M et al. Combined Vemurafenib and Cobimetinib in BRAF-Mutated Melanoma. New Engl J Med.2014;371(20):1867-1876.
2. Linares MA, Zakaria A, Nizran P. Skin Cancer. Prim Care. 2015;42(4):645-59.
3. Newell F, Wilmott JS, Johansson PA, Nones K, Addala V, Mukhopadhyay P et al. Whole- genome sequencing of acral melanoma reveals genomic complexity and diversity. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):5259.
4. Alonso CE, Salerni GE. Breve historia del melanoma. De Hipócrates a Handley. Med Cutan Iber Lat Am. 2016;44(1):64-67.
5. Urtega O, Pack GT. On the antiquity of melanoma. Cancer. 1966;19(5):607-10.
6. Lowenstein EJ. Paleodermatoses: lessons learned from mummies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;50(6):919- 36.
7. Ezra N, Rabie J. The advent of a novel diagnosis: melanoma through the ages. Skinmed. 2010;8(3):172-4.
8. Our Bookshelf. Nature.1923;112(2823):823-4.
9. Jonah CD. A Short History of the Radiation Chemistry of Water. Radiar Res [Internet].1995 [consultado 2 noviembre 2020];144(2):141-147. Disponible en:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3579253?seq=1
10. Bolt C. Race and the Victorians. En: Eldridge CC, editor. British Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century. London: Macmillan Education UK; 1984 p.126-47.
11. Hockberger PE. A history of ultraviolet photobiology for humans, animals and microorganisms. Photochem Photobiol. 2002;76(6):561-79.
12. Aldahan AS, Shah VV, Mlacker S, Nouri K. Sun Exposure in History. JAMA Dermatol. 2016;152(8):896-896.
13. Tanning Through The Years: A History Of Bronze | Tips For Tanning [Internet].2018 [consultado 02 noviembre 2020]. Disponible en:
http://www.tipsfortanning.com/tanning-through-the-years-a- history-of-bronze/
14. Lancaster HO, Nelson J. Sunlight as a cause of melanoma; a clinical survey. Med Just. 1957;44(14):452-6.
15. Le Clair MZ, Cockburn MG. Tanning bed use and melanoma: Establishing risk and improving prevention interventions. Prev Med Rep.2016;3:139-44.
16. Lazovich D, Choi K, Vogel RI. Time to Get Serious About Skin Cancer Prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Prev Biomark.2012;21(11):1893-901.
17. Sinclair C, Foley P. Skin cancer prevention in Australia. Br J Dermatol. 2009;161(Suppl 3):116-23.
18. Silvers DN, Gorham JD. Observations on a melanoma by William Norris, M.D. a country practitioner of the early 19th century. Am J Dermatopathol.1982;4(5):421-4.
19. Rebecca VW, Sondak VK, Smalley KSM. A brief history of melanoma: from mummies to mutations. Melanoma Res. 2012;22(2):114-22.
20. Neuhaus SJ, Clark MA, Thomas JM. Dr. Herbert Lumley Snow, MD, MRCS (1847–1930): The Original Champion of Elective Lymph Node Dissection in Melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2004;11(9):875-8.
21. The Bunterian Lectures on the pathology of melanotic growths in relation to their operative treatment. Lancet. 1907;169(4363):996-1003.
22. Everson TC. Spontaneous regression of cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci.1964;114(2):721-35.
23. Lee C, Collichio F, Ollila D, Moschos S. Historical review of melanoma treatment and outcomes. Clin Dermatol. 2013;31(2):141-7.
24. Clark WH, From L, Bernardino EA, Mihm MC. The Histogenesis and Biologic Behavior of Primary Human Malignant Melanomas of the Skin. Cancer Res.1969;29(3):705-27.
25. Breslow A. Thickness, cross-sectional areas and depth of invasion in the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma. Ann Surg. 1970;172(5):902-8.
26. Wheatley K, Wilson JS, Gaunt P, Marsden JR. Surgical excision margins in primary cutaneous melanoma: A meta-analysis and Bayesian probability evaluation. Cancer Treat Rev. 2016;42:73-81.
27. Faries MB, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ, Andtbacka RH, Mozzillo N, Zager JS, et al. Completion Dissection or Observation for Sentinel-Node Metastasis in Melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(23):2211-22.
28. Leiter U, Stadler R, Mauch C, Hohenberger W, Brockmeyer NH, Berking C, et al. Final Analysis of DeCOGSLT Trial: No Survival Benefit for Complete Lymph Node Dissection in Patients With Melanoma With Positive Sentinel Node. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37(32):3000-8.
29. Costanza ME, Nathanson L, Lenhard R, Wolter J, Colsky J, Oberfield RA, et al. Therapy of malignant melanoma with an imidazole carboxamide and bischloroethyl nitrosourea. Cancer. 1972;30(6):1457-61.
30. Yang AS, Chapman PB. The History and Future of Chemotherapy for Melanoma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am.2009;23(3):583-x.
31. Sasse AD, Sasse EC, Clark LG, Clark OAC. Chemoimmunotherapy vs. chemotherapy for metastatic malignant melanoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;(2):CD005413.
32. Hoos A, Ibrahim R, Korman A, Abdallah K, Berman D, Shahabi V, et al. Development of Ipilimumab: Contribution to a New Paradigm for Cancer Immunotherapy. Semin Oncol. 2010;37(5):533-46.
33. Hodi FS, O’Day SJ, McDermott DF, Weber RW, Sosman JA, Haanen JB, et al. Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(8):711-23.
34. Couzin-Frankel J. Cancer Immunotherapy. Science. 2013;342(6165):1432-3.
35. Jimmy Carter [Internet]. American Association for Cancer Research (AACR). 2020 [consultado 3 noviembre 2020]. Disponible en:
https://www.aacr.org/patientscaregivers/progress-against-cancer/jimmy-carter/
36. Robert C, Grob JJ, Stroyakovskiy D, Karaszewska B, Hauschild A, Levchenko E et al. Five-Year Outcomes with Dabrafenib plus Trametinib in Metastatic Melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(7):626-36.
37. Larkin J, Asciert P, Dréno B, Atkinson V, Liszkay G, Maio M et al. Combined Vemurafenib and Cobimetinib in BRAF-Mutated Melanoma. New Engl J Med.2014;371(20):1867-1876.
Cómo citar
[1]
Mejía Espinoza, S.A. y Zapata Muñoz, M.L. 2021. Melanoma: más allá de la historia. Medicina. 43, 1 (abr. 2021), 152–159. DOI:https://doi.org/10.56050/01205498.1591.
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Publicado
2021-04-20
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Sección
Perspectiva del diagnóstico y Tratamiento del Cancer
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