El rol de VEGF en la Angiogénesis fisiológica y tumoral
Palabras clave:
Factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular (VEGF), angiogénesis fisiológica, angiogénesis patológica, cáncer, metástasis, metaloproteinasas de la matriz (MMP), proliferación celular, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), physiologic angiogenesisResumen
El proceso de angiogénesis, en el cual se desarrollan nuevos vasos sanguíneos a partir de una red vascular existente, requiere de la activación de los receptores en la superficie de las células endoteliales. En sus procesos fisiológicos, como la reparación de heridas, se observa un aumento en la permeabilidad vascular que induce el depósito de proteínas plasmáticas en la matriz extracelular y favorece la reparación y la cicatrización. No obstante, en algunas patologías como el cáncer, desempeña un papel importante para el crecimiento y la diseminación de las células tumorales. Su activación en el tumor permite, pero no garantiza, la expansión tumoral y, por ende, la ausencia de angiogénesis puede limitar el crecimiento. Por eso, se han desarrollado varios inhibidores con el propósito de interferir específicamente en diferentes etapas de este proceso, por ejemplo, el bevacizumab (Avastin) que se distingue como un anticuerpo monoclonal que reconoce y se une al Factor de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular (por sus siglas en inglés VEGF).
The role of VEGF in Physiological and tumoral angiogénesis
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the cellular process leading to the development of new blood vessels from an existing vascular network, requires activation of surface receptors of normal endothelial cells by signaling molecules such as the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). During physiological processes of angiogenesis leading to injury repair, an increase of vascular permeability favors deposits of plasma proteins in the extracellular matrix. However, in pathological processes such as cancer, angiogenesis plays an important role in the growth and proliferation of the tumor cells. The activation of angiogenesis in a tumor induces, but does not guarantee, tumor expansion; hence, the absence of angiogenesis may limit the tumor growth. Angiogenesis inhibitors been developed to interfere with different stages of the process. For example, bevacizumab (Avastin) is recognized as a monoclonal antibody binds specifically to VEGF and inhibits its angiogenic function.
Biografía del autor/a
Jhan Sebastián Saavedra Torres, Universidad del Cauca
Luisa Fernanda Zúñiga Cerón, Universidad del Cauca
Sofía Isabel Freyre Bernal, Universidad del Cauca
Guillermo Wilson Muñoz Ordoñez, Universidad del Cauca
Carolina Salguero, Universidad de Harvard
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